Explore all 118 elements with electron configuration, properties, and uses. Free interactive periodic table. No signup required.
The periodic table organizes all known elements by atomic number and chemical properties — one of science's most elegant organizational frameworks. Our interactive version goes beyond symbol and atomic number: click any element for full details including electron configuration, melting and boiling points, discovery history, common uses, and interesting facts.
Periodic table structure: Periods (rows): elements in the same row have the same number of electron shells. Period 1 has 1 shell, Period 7 has 7 shells. Groups (columns): elements in the same column share similar chemical properties and electron configuration in outermost shell. Block categories: s-block (groups 1-2), p-block (groups 13-18), d-block (transition metals 3-12), f-block (lanthanides and actinides). Periodic law: properties repeat periodically with increasing atomic number.
Major element groups: Alkali metals (Group 1): highly reactive with water, soft metals, one valence electron. Halogens (Group 17): most reactive nonmetals, 7 valence electrons. Noble gases (Group 18): completely nonreactive, full outer electron shells. Transition metals (Groups 3-12): good conductors, variable oxidation states. Lanthanides and actinides: rare earth elements with unique magnetic and optical properties.
The periodic table contains 118 confirmed elements as of 2026. Elements 1-94 occur naturally (though some only in trace amounts). Elements 95-118 are synthetic — created in nuclear reactors or particle accelerators. The most recently confirmed elements are oganesson (118) and tennessine (117). Scientists continue searching for element 119 and beyond in what would be period 8.
Fundamentally important elements: Carbon (C): basis of all organic chemistry and life. Hydrogen (H): most abundant element, fuel cell energy. Oxygen (O): required for combustion and respiration. Silicon (Si): basis of electronics and computing. Iron (Fe): structural material, blood hemoglobin. Nitrogen (N): 78% of atmosphere, essential for proteins. For high school chemistry: focus on groups 1, 2, 17, 18 and the transition metals.
Atomic number equals the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. It uniquely identifies an element — every carbon atom has exactly 6 protons. Atomic number determines: element identity and chemical behavior, position in periodic table, number of electrons in neutral atom (electrons = protons in neutral atom), and electron configuration. Atomic mass (not number): average mass of isotopes, includes protons and neutrons.
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